Date Published

September 25, 2025

Updated For

ALS PCS Version 5.4

#SWORBHPTips

Pulmonary Thrombosis ​

What is it?​

  • Refers to a pulmonary embolism (PE) ​
  • When a blood clot blocks the main artery (or arteries) of the lungs, thus blocking air exchange and causing heart failure.  In severe cases, it can cause cardio-respiratory collapse (cardiac arrest)​

Clinical Findings: ​

  • JVD​
  • Clinical signs of DVT​

 *Note that these signs are very difficult to identify in a patient who is VSA​

Risk Factors:​

  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)​
  • Hx Cancer, pregnancy, or recent surgery

Why Leave Early

  • There is a "hail mary" treatment of thombolytics (TPA)  in-hospital ​
  • Note that this treatment has very poor efficacy in the setting of cardiac arrest

When to Leave Early

  • In the vast majority of times you will NOT: Given the difficulty in identifying PE in the pre-hospital setting and the poor efficacy of the "hail mary" treatment, focus on the basics, utilizing your excellent quality resuscitation via the Cardiac Arrest Medical Directive​
    • One exception would be when you have a VERY HIGH degree of suspicion of PE, you may consider early transport. ​
  • Example of high degree of suspicion:​
  • The patient was diagnosed with a DVT, has not been compliant with their anticoagulant and became suddently and severely SOB prior to arrest.

In Summary

  • Pulmonary Thrombosis refers to a PE - when a blood clot blocks arteries of the lungs. ​
  • Thrombolysis is a potential treatment available in-hospital to break down the clot ​
  • Consider leaving very early ONLY when you have a VERY HIGH degree of suspicion for a PE as the cause of arrest:​
    • A very clear incident history AND a clear PMHx highly suggestive of PE (e.g. known PE or DVT) +/- clinical signs

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